Tyler Simpson

Safe Supply Saves Lives Documentary

Tyler Simpson

Part 1: Audiovisual Sources

  1. “Opioids: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver” (Television series episode). (2016, October 23).
  2. “The Crime of the Century” (2021) | Official Trailer. HBO.
  3. “Dopesick” (2021) | Official Trailer. Hulu/Disney.
  4. “Painkiller” (2023) | Official Trailer. Netflix.
  5. “Weekly Address: A Conversation About Addiction” (Video file). The Obama White House. (2016, May 14).
  6. “CDC cracking down on opioid prescriptions.” CBS Evening News. (2016, March 15).
  7. “Trump declares opioid crisis a ‘public health emergency’.” Manila Bulletin Online. (2017, October 26).
  8. “Psychoactive Swap.” Crackdown Podcast. (2022, September 22).
  9. Marks, J. (1996). Dr. John Marks speaking at Campaign to Legalise Cannabis International Association. Norwich.
  10. “Episode 34: The Iron Law.” Crackdown Podcast. (2022, July 19).
  11. “‘Don’t punish pain’. Chronic pain sufferers say crackdown has left them without enough medication.” WUSA 9. (2019, January 29).
  12. Szalavitz, M. (2021). Reducing Harm to People and Communities. In The Open Mind. CUNY TV. (2021, November 14).
  13. “The US medical system is still haunted by slavery.” Vox/ProPublica. (2017, December 7).

Part 1: Cited works

  1. British Columbia Coroner’s Service. (2022). Illicit Drug Toxicity Deaths in BC January 1, 2012 – August 31, 2022. Retrieved from https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/birth-adoption-death-marriage-and-divorce/deaths/coroners-service/statistical/illicit-drug.pdf
  2. DEA. (2016, October 4). DEA Reduces Amount Of Opioid Controlled Substances To Be Manufactured In 2017. Retrieved from https://www.dea.gov/press-releases/2016/10/04/dea-reduces-amount-opioid-controlled-substances-be-manufactured-2017
  3. DEA. (2017, August 4). DEA Proposes Reduction To Amount Of Controlled Substances To Be Manufactured In 2018. Retrieved from https://www.dea.gov/press-releases/2017/08/04/dea-proposes-reduction-amount-controlled-substances-be-manufactured-2018
  4. DEA. (2019, September 11). DEA proposes to reduce the amount of five opioids manufactured in 2020, marijuana quota for research increases by almost a third. Retrieved from https://www.dea.gov/press-releases/2019/09/11/dea-proposes-reduce-amount-five-opioids-manufactured-2020-marijuana-quota
  5. CDC Injury Center. (2021, November 10). U.S. Opioid Dispensing Rate Maps | Drug Overdose. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/rxrate-maps/index.html
  6. Regulatory Roundup: FDA Approves New Formulation For OxyContin To Discourage Misuse And Abuse. (2010, April 7). Retrieved from https://www.pharmtech.com/view/regulatory-roundup-fda-approves-new-formulation-oxycontin-discourage-misuse-and-abuse
  7. Brooks, M. (2019, February 04). Abuse-Deterrent OxyContin Tied to Spike in Hepatitis C. Medscape. Retrieved from https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/908645
  8. Siegel, Z. (2022, April 5). How the US Drug Supply Became an Ungodly Synthetic Cocktail of Death. Substance (blog). Substack newsletter. Retrieved from https://tanag.substack.com/p/how-the-us-drug-supply-became-an
  9. Lipari, R. N., & Hughes, A. (n.d.). HOW PEOPLE OBTAIN THE PRESCRIPTION PAIN RELIEVERS THEY MISUSE. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/report_2686/ShortReport-2686.html
  10. Office for National Statistics. (2022). Deaths related to drug poisoning in England and Wales: 2021 registrations. Retrieved from https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/bulletins/deathsrelatedtodrugpoisoninginenglandandwales/2021registrations
  11. German Federal Government Commissioner for Addiction and Drug Issues. (2022, May 16). 1.826 Männer und Frauen in Deutschland 2021 an illegalen Drogen verstorben – Zahl erneut gestiegen. Retrieved from https://www.bundesdrogenbeauftragter.de/presse/detail/1826-maenner-und-frauen-in-deutschland-2021-an-illegalen-drogen-verstorben-zahl-erneut-gestiegen
  12. Statista Research Department. (2022). Number of opioid overdose deaths in Canada in 2021, by province. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/812260/number-of-deaths-from-opioid-overdose-canada-province/
  13. Obermeit, L. C., Cattie, J. E., Bolden, K. A., Marquine, M. J., Morgan, E. E., Franklin, D. R., … Woods, S. P. (2013). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Chronic Methamphetamine Users: Frequency, Persistence, and Adverse Effects on Everyday Functioning. Addictive Behaviors, 38(12), 2874–2878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.08.010
  14. Cook, J., Lloyd-Jones, M., Arunogiri, S., Ogden, E., & Bonomo, Y. (2017, September 1). Managing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults Using Illicit Psychostimulants: A Systematic Review. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 51(9), 876–885. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867417714878
  15. Szalavitz, M. (2021, August 11). The Pain Was Unbearable. So Why Did Doctors Turn Her Away? Wired. Retrieved from https://www.wired.com/story/opioid-drug-addiction-algorithm-chronic-pain/
  16. Siegel, Z. (2022, June). In a World of Stigma and Bias, Can a Computer Algorithm Really Predict Overdose Risk? Annals of Emergency Medicine, 79(6). https://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196-0644(22)00243-8/pdf
  17. CDC/ National Center for Health Statistics. (2022, May 11). U.S. Overdose Deaths In 2021 Increased Half as Much as in 2020 – But Are Still Up 15%. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/nchs_press_releases/2022/202205.htm
  18. CDC. (2022, November 3). CDC Releases UPDATED Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2022/p1103-Prescribing-Opioids.html
  19. Whitehead, S., & Miller, A. (n.d.). CDC’s new opioid guidelines are too little, too late for chronic pain patients, experts say. NBC News. Retrieved from https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/cdcs-new-opioid-guidelines-little-late-chronic-pain-patients-rcna74248
  20. Florida Department of Health. (2022, November 22). Now is Not the Time for the CDC to Relax Opioid Prescription Guidelines. Retrieved from https://www.floridahealth.gov/newsroom/2022/11/20221122-cdc-relax-opioid-guidelines.pr.html

Part 2: Audiovisual Sources

  1. The Obama White House. (2016, May 14). Weekly Address: A Conversation About Addiction [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZQPsD3q0pc
  2. Facing Addiction with NCADD. (2018, October 26). Dr. Vivek H. Murthy – Facing Addiction in America Keynote Address [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYy0Za-dFdk
  3. NJTV. (2017, January 10). Gov. Christie: Addiction is a disease, not a ‘moral failing’ [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P7b0XrkCWIM
  4. Gunn, A. (2023, January 15). Aaron Gunn: “Vancouver is Dying” [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/AaronGunn/status/1614782404698451968
  5. CBS Mornings. (2017, July 17). Ohio lawmakers call for first responders not to answer opioid overdose calls [Video]. YouTube. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/opioid-crisis-ohio-lawmakers-first-responders-overdose-calls/
  6. KING 5 Seattle. (2023, May 16). Drug possession bill passed by Washington State Legislature [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fF66gkg8cRw
  7. This American Life. (2011, March 25). Episode 430: Very Tough Love [Audio podcast episode]. https://www.thisamericanlife.org/430/very-tough-love
  8. NPR Morning Edition. (2018, September 12). Many ‘Recovery Houses’ Won’t Let Residents Use Medicine To Quit Opioids [Audio podcast episode]. https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/09/12/644685850/many-recovery-houses-wont-let-residents-use-medicine-to-quit-opioids
  9. FOX 9 KMSP-TV. (2016, November 14). Crutch or a Cure? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fj7GyCgb7k
  10. Crackdown Podcast. (2022, September 22). Psychoactive Swap [Audio podcast episode]. https://www.crackdownpod.com/blog/psychoactive-swap
  11. WAVY TV 10. (2018, March 19). Diverting Drugs: Targeting Prescription Fraud [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gh3X-x9wimg
  12. 60 Minutes (US). (1995). Rx Drugs [Video]. CBS. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zy_86iVhmkQ

Part 2: Cited works

  1. 12 Steps of Narcotics Anonymous. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://12step.org/references/12-step-versions/na/
  2. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research-Based Guide (Third Edition). (January 2014). National Institute on Drug Abuse. Retrieved from https://archives.nida.nih.gov/publications/principles-drug-addiction-treatment-research-based-guide-third-edition
  3. NIDA Director Dr. Nora Volkow Quoted in Szalavitz, Maia. “Opinion | Why Forced Addiction Treatment Fails.” The New York Times, April 30, 2022. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/30/opinion/forced-addiction-treatment.html
  4. Shah, P., Thornton, I., Turrin, D., & Hipskind, J. E. (2023). Informed Consent. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
  5. “4. Remembering That Alcoholism Is an Incurable, Progressive, Fatal Disease.” In Living Sober, 2019 ed., 7. New York: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc., 1975. Retrieved from https://www.aa.org/sites/default/files/2021-10/b-7_livingsober_1-17.pdf
  6. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (July 2020). Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction Treatment and Recovery. Retrieved from https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugs-brains-behavior-science-addiction/treatment-recovery
  7. Leshner, Alan I. (1997). “Addiction Is a Brain Disease, and It Matters.” Science, 278(5335), 45–47. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/2894496
  8. Davies, Paul S. (2000). “The Effect of Welfare Reform on SSA’s Disability Programs: Design of Policy Evaluation and Early Evidence.” Social Security Bulletin, 63(1), 9. Retrieved from https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v63n1/v63n1p3.pdf
  9. MARTIN SHEEN LOBBIES FOR TOUGH DRUG SENTENCES. Chicago Tribune, July 25, 2000. Retrieved from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2000-07-26-0007270058-story.html
  10. Wakeman, Sarah E., Marc R. Larochelle, Omid Ameli, Christine E. Chaisson, Jeffrey Thomas McPheeters, William H. Crown, Francisca Azocar, and Darshak M. Sanghavi. (February 5, 2020). “Comparative Effectiveness of Different Treatment Pathways for Opioid Use Disorder.” JAMA Network Open, 3(2), e1920622. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.20622
  11. McCabe, Sean Esteban, Brady T. West, Stephen Strobbe, and Carol J. Boyd. (October 2018). “Persistence/Recurrence and Remission from DSM-5 Substance Use Disorders in the United States: Substance-Specific and Substance-Aggregated Correlates.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 93, 38–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.07.012
  12. McNeely J, Adam A. (2020, October). Substance Use Screening and Risk Assessment in Adults. Table 3, DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Diagnosing and Classifying Substance Use Disorders. Baltimore (MD): Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK565474/table/nycgsubuse.tab9/
  13. Table 5.2B – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Percentages, 2019 and 2020. SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2019 and Quarters 1 and 4, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt35323/NSDUHDetailedTabs2020v25/NSDUHDetailedTabs2020v25/NSDUHDetTabsSect5pe2020.htm#tab5-2b

Part 3: Audiovisual sources

  1. California deputy suffers fentanyl overdose after exposure to substance on patrol. FOX 11 Los Angeles. (2021, August 6). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jd76HxqCPf0
  2. Couple says fentanyl-laced dollar bill caused overdose. WSMV 4 Nashville. (2022, July 13). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TlG6rEWP7kA
  3. Tucker: We’re watching civilization collapse in real time. Fox News. (2022, January 18). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DREmnsungVM
  4. The Five. Fox News. (2023, June 13). [Twitter post]. https://twitter.com/highbrow_nobrow/status/1669850022131691520
  5. Colorado’s Legislature Passes Fentanyl Bill Before End Of Session. CBS Colorado. (2022, May 12). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=anEQVlVZ_nQ
  6. JUST IN: DeSantis Signs Legislation To Combat Fentanyl Coming In From Southern Border. Forbes Breaking News. (2022, May 19). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrTUVgvimG0
  7. Episode 34: The Iron Law. Crackdown Podcast. (2022, July 19). [Audio podcast episode]. https://www.crackdownpod.com/episodes/34-the-iron-law
  8. Amy’s Story – Drug-Induced Homicide. Drug Policy Alliance. (2017, November 6). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vcK6kfr7aAc
  9. She went to jail for her friend’s fatal overdose. Now she’s advocating for Oregon drug reform. CNN. (2020, November 14). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYU7oDcJvjc
  10. Dr. John Marks speaking at Campaign to Legalise Cannabis International Association I Norwich, 1996. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dTBfV9TspM

Part 3: Cited works

  1. Feldman, R., & Weston, B. W. (2022). Accidental Occupational Exposure to a Large Volume of Liquid Fentanyl on a Compromised Skin Barrier with No Resultant Effect. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 37(4), 550–552. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X22000905
  2. Drugsdata.org. Search result for “M30,” the frequent counterfeit oxycodone branding of fentanyl pills. https://www.drugsdata.org/results.php?search_field=all&s=m30
  3. Alhadeff, E. (2022, November 4). Making Seattle a Little Safer than It Was the Day Before. The Cholent. https://thecholent.substack.com/p/making-seattle-a-little-safer-than
  4. Northeastern University Center for Health Policy and Law. (Accessed 2022, October 29). Drug Induced Homicide as a Response to Overdose. Health in Justice Lab. https://www.healthinjustice.org/drug-induced-homicide
  5. Temple University Center for Public Health Law Research. (2023, January 1). Good Samaritan Overdose Prevention Laws. https://pdaps.org/datasets/good-samaritan-overdose-laws-1501695153
  6. Drug Policy Alliance. (2017, November). An Overdose Death Is Not Murder: Why Drug-Induced Homicide Laws Are Counterproductive And Inhumane. https://www.hivlawandpolicy.org/sites/default/files/An%20Overdose%20Death%20is%20not%20Murder%2C%20DPA.pdf

Part 4: Audiovisual sources

  1. Purchase, D. (1988). Drugs & AIDS: An appeal to users [Video]. Tacoma Needle Exchange. Produced by Three Head Films. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4iLi3WrPbg
  2. Seattle’s Street Outreach Services | 1991 [Video]. (1991). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmAGVrGrPD4&t=98s
  3. Sameni, P. (Artist). (n.d.). Series: Don’t let this AIDS message be in vein. Rhode Island AIDS Project. Locale: Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
  4. Archival material from the Rotterdam Junkie Union. (1981). Dope No.3: “Strijd mee in the Junkie Bond”. Retrieved from https://narcotic.city/news/public-lecture_heroin-users-activism-in-rotterdam/
  5. Brandt, D. (Photographer). (1989). Photo of Dave Purchase at Tacoma Needle Exchange. Retrieved from https://www.findingfixes.com/s2-e8-needle-exchanges/
  6. Clear, A. (Photographer). (1991). Photo of Rod Sorge. Retrieved from https://www.nplusonemag.com/online-only/online-only/bold-fury/
  7. 60 Minutes (US). (1995). Rx Drugs [Video]. CBS. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zy_86iVhmkQ
  8. National Harm Reduction Coalition. (2020, August 21). Get Involved [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oCezb78_tI4
  9. VICE News. (2017, January 10). Mike Pence’s Indiana: Needle Exchanges [Video]. HBO. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UdZ4-lBLKFs&t=2s
  10. Fox News. (2023, January 12). Shellenberger: The DOJ is considering legalizing drug consumption sites [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bi5RIqdQA1c
  11. WHAS11. (2021, June 2). Scott County commissioners vote to end needle exchange [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4vovOefXHk0&t=44s
  12. Dr. Phil. (2022, October 12). The Debate About Harm Reduction Programs For Addicts [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1-1m6M70so
  13. Mayday Media, Kennedy, R., & Vadim, V. (Directors). (1995). Fire in Our House [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3NaHShXOSg
  14. The Open Mind. (2021, November 14). Reducing Harm to People and Communities – Maia Szalavitz [Video]. CUNY TV. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wb1hZ6H2DEU
  15. Marks, J. (Speaker). (1996). Dr. John Marks speaking at Campaign to Legalize Cannabis International Association | Norwich [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dTBfV9TspM
  16. Fox & Friends. (2022, February 8). Leo Terrell hammers ‘horrible’ Biden plan to give out ‘smoking kits’ [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sTfl1vUVlNk
  17. Tucker Carlson. (2022, February 10). Tucker Carlson slams new policy giving crack pipes to addicts [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10496803/Tucker-Carlson-slams-new-policy-giving-crack-pipes-addicts.html
  18. Hannity, S. (2022, February 9). Biden’s plan to fund crack pipe distribution is ‘stupidity’ [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JokIuOMtaic
  19. LiveNOW from FOX. (2022, February 9). Biden crack pipes: New update from White House clarifies free smoking kits [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFzc6jSzey4
  20. Fox News. (2022, January 18). Tucker: We’re watching civilization collapse in real time [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DREmnsungVM
  21. Seattle’s Street Outreach Services. (2002). Say Goodbye to 2nd and Pike | SOS Diary [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QPQ6GNGXzi0

Part 4: Cited works

  1. Toleration policy regarding soft drugs and coffee shops. (2023, October 4). Retrieved from https://www.government.nl/topics/drugs/toleration-policy-regarding-soft-drugs-and-coffee-shops
  2. SAMHSA. (2021, December 8). SAMHSA Announces Unprecedented $30 Million Harm Reduction Grant Funding Opportunity to Help Address the Nation’s Substance Use and Overdose Epidemic [Press release]. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/newsroom/press-announcements/202112081000
  3. Stöver, H. J., & Schäffer, D. (2014). SMOKE IT! Promoting a change of opiate consumption pattern – from injecting to inhaling. Harm Reduction Journal, 11(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7517-11-18
  4. Kral, A. H., Lambdin, B. H., Browne, E. N., Wenger, L. D., Bluthenthal, R. N., Zibbell, J. E., & Davidson, P. J. (2021). Transition from injecting opioids to smoking fentanyl in San Francisco, California. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 227, 109003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109003
  5. CDC National Center for Health Statistics. (2022, March 1). Drug Overdose Mortality by State. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/sosmap/drug_poisoning_mortality/drug_poisoning.htm
  6. Statista. (2021, March). Homelessness Rate in the U.S., by State 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/727847/homelessness-rate-in-the-us-by-state/
  7. Peace, L. (2021, July 15). Judge Rules Law Restricting West Virginia Needle Exchange Programs Can Stand. Mountain State Spotlight. https://mountainstatespotlight.org/2021/07/15/law-restricting-wv-needle-exchange-programs-can-stand/
  8. Peace, L. (2021, February 11). The CDC Says Kanawha County’s HIV Outbreak Is the Most Concerning in the United States. Mountain State Spotlight. https://mountainstatespotlight.org/2021/02/11/the-cdc-says-kanawha-countys-hiv-outbreak-is-the-most-concerning-in-the-united-states/
  9. Choe, J. [choeshow]. (2022, December 4). Twitter. https://twitter.com/choeshow/status/1599603004503920641

Part 5: Audiovisual sources 

  1. CBS Colorado. (2022, May 12). Colorado’s Legislature Passes Fentanyl Bill Before End Of Session. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=anEQVlVZ_nQ
  2. Crackdown Podcast. (2022, July 19). Episode 34: The Iron Law. [Audio podcast episode]. https://www.crackdownpod.com/episodes/34-the-iron-law
  3. VICE News. (2022, May 16). Benzo Dope and Tranq: The Next Wave of the Overdose Crisis. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=82QhIOgJy1c
  4. VICE News. (2021, September 25). Free Heroin, Cocaine & Meth Are Being Distributed to Stop Overdoses. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-THhAW4MWk
  5. CBS. (1995). 60 Minutes (US): Rx Drugs [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zy_86iVhmkQ
  6. Dr. John Marks speaking at Campaign to Legalise Cannabis International Association. (1996). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dTBfV9TspM
  7. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (1931, October 31). Labor Unions Hold Anti-Prohibition Meeting [Image]. Retrieved from https://www.loc.gov/item/99405158/
  8. Crackdown Podcast. (2022, September 22). Psychoactive Swap [Audio podcast episode]. https://www.crackdownpod.com/blog/psychoactive-swap
  9. Infrogmation of New Orleans. (2010). Commercially Marketed Heroin Containers from the Early 20th Century [Photograph]. Retrieved from Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HeroinHarrisonActNOLA.JPG
  10. Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel. (2019, December 3). Heroin-assisted treatment: Time to break down prejudices (Switzerland) [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tkqBVu4eli8
  11. Vancouver City Council. (2019, September 12). Safe Supply Statement. https://vancouver.ca/people-programs/safe-supply-statement.aspx
  12. Province of British Columbia – Sheila Malcolmson, Minister of Mental Health and Addictions. (2021, July 15). BC’s new policy on prescribed safer supply [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OHHroEhLVo

Part 5: Cited works

Part 1: Audiovisual Sources

  1. “Opioids: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver” (Television series episode). (2016, October 23).
  2. “The Crime of the Century” (2021) | Official Trailer. HBO.
  3. “Dopesick” (2021) | Official Trailer. Hulu/Disney.
  4. “Painkiller” (2023) | Official Trailer. Netflix.
  5. “Weekly Address: A Conversation About Addiction” (Video file). The Obama White House. (2016, May 14).
  6. “CDC cracking down on opioid prescriptions.” CBS Evening News. (2016, March 15).
  7. “Trump declares opioid crisis a ‘public health emergency’.” Manila Bulletin Online. (2017, October 26).
  8. “Psychoactive Swap.” Crackdown Podcast. (2022, September 22).
  9. Marks, J. (1996). Dr. John Marks speaking at Campaign to Legalise Cannabis International Association. Norwich.
  10. “Episode 34: The Iron Law.” Crackdown Podcast. (2022, July 19).
  11. “‘Don’t punish pain’. Chronic pain sufferers say crackdown has left them without enough medication.” WUSA 9. (2019, January 29).
  12. Szalavitz, M. (2021). Reducing Harm to People and Communities. In The Open Mind. CUNY TV. (2021, November 14).
  13. “The US medical system is still haunted by slavery.” Vox/ProPublica. (2017, December 7).

Part 1: Cited works

  1. British Columbia Coroner’s Service. (2022). Illicit Drug Toxicity Deaths in BC January 1, 2012 – August 31, 2022. Retrieved from https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/birth-adoption-death-marriage-and-divorce/deaths/coroners-service/statistical/illicit-drug.pdf
  2. DEA. (2016, October 4). DEA Reduces Amount Of Opioid Controlled Substances To Be Manufactured In 2017. Retrieved from https://www.dea.gov/press-releases/2016/10/04/dea-reduces-amount-opioid-controlled-substances-be-manufactured-2017
  3. DEA. (2017, August 4). DEA Proposes Reduction To Amount Of Controlled Substances To Be Manufactured In 2018. Retrieved from https://www.dea.gov/press-releases/2017/08/04/dea-proposes-reduction-amount-controlled-substances-be-manufactured-2018
  4. DEA. (2019, September 11). DEA proposes to reduce the amount of five opioids manufactured in 2020, marijuana quota for research increases by almost a third. Retrieved from https://www.dea.gov/press-releases/2019/09/11/dea-proposes-reduce-amount-five-opioids-manufactured-2020-marijuana-quota
  5. CDC Injury Center. (2021, November 10). U.S. Opioid Dispensing Rate Maps | Drug Overdose. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/rxrate-maps/index.html
  6. Regulatory Roundup: FDA Approves New Formulation For OxyContin To Discourage Misuse And Abuse. (2010, April 7). Retrieved from https://www.pharmtech.com/view/regulatory-roundup-fda-approves-new-formulation-oxycontin-discourage-misuse-and-abuse
  7. Brooks, M. (2019, February 04). Abuse-Deterrent OxyContin Tied to Spike in Hepatitis C. Medscape. Retrieved from https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/908645
  8. Siegel, Z. (2022, April 5). How the US Drug Supply Became an Ungodly Synthetic Cocktail of Death. Substance (blog). Substack newsletter. Retrieved from https://tanag.substack.com/p/how-the-us-drug-supply-became-an
  9. Lipari, R. N., & Hughes, A. (n.d.). HOW PEOPLE OBTAIN THE PRESCRIPTION PAIN RELIEVERS THEY MISUSE. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/report_2686/ShortReport-2686.html
  10. Office for National Statistics. (2022). Deaths related to drug poisoning in England and Wales: 2021 registrations. Retrieved from https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/bulletins/deathsrelatedtodrugpoisoninginenglandandwales/2021registrations
  11. German Federal Government Commissioner for Addiction and Drug Issues. (2022, May 16). 1.826 Männer und Frauen in Deutschland 2021 an illegalen Drogen verstorben – Zahl erneut gestiegen. Retrieved from https://www.bundesdrogenbeauftragter.de/presse/detail/1826-maenner-und-frauen-in-deutschland-2021-an-illegalen-drogen-verstorben-zahl-erneut-gestiegen
  12. Statista Research Department. (2022). Number of opioid overdose deaths in Canada in 2021, by province. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/812260/number-of-deaths-from-opioid-overdose-canada-province/
  13. Obermeit, L. C., Cattie, J. E., Bolden, K. A., Marquine, M. J., Morgan, E. E., Franklin, D. R., … Woods, S. P. (2013). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Chronic Methamphetamine Users: Frequency, Persistence, and Adverse Effects on Everyday Functioning. Addictive Behaviors, 38(12), 2874–2878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.08.010
  14. Cook, J., Lloyd-Jones, M., Arunogiri, S., Ogden, E., & Bonomo, Y. (2017, September 1). Managing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults Using Illicit Psychostimulants: A Systematic Review. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 51(9), 876–885. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867417714878
  15. Szalavitz, M. (2021, August 11). The Pain Was Unbearable. So Why Did Doctors Turn Her Away? Wired. Retrieved from https://www.wired.com/story/opioid-drug-addiction-algorithm-chronic-pain/
  16. Siegel, Z. (2022, June). In a World of Stigma and Bias, Can a Computer Algorithm Really Predict Overdose Risk? Annals of Emergency Medicine, 79(6). https://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196-0644(22)00243-8/pdf
  17. CDC/ National Center for Health Statistics. (2022, May 11). U.S. Overdose Deaths In 2021 Increased Half as Much as in 2020 – But Are Still Up 15%. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/nchs_press_releases/2022/202205.htm
  18. CDC. (2022, November 3). CDC Releases UPDATED Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2022/p1103-Prescribing-Opioids.html
  19. Whitehead, S., & Miller, A. (n.d.). CDC’s new opioid guidelines are too little, too late for chronic pain patients, experts say. NBC News. Retrieved from https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/cdcs-new-opioid-guidelines-little-late-chronic-pain-patients-rcna74248
  20. Florida Department of Health. (2022, November 22). Now is Not the Time for the CDC to Relax Opioid Prescription Guidelines. Retrieved from https://www.floridahealth.gov/newsroom/2022/11/20221122-cdc-relax-opioid-guidelines.pr.html

Part 2: Audiovisual Sources

  1. The Obama White House. (2016, May 14). Weekly Address: A Conversation About Addiction [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZQPsD3q0pc
  2. Facing Addiction with NCADD. (2018, October 26). Dr. Vivek H. Murthy – Facing Addiction in America Keynote Address [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYy0Za-dFdk
  3. NJTV. (2017, January 10). Gov. Christie: Addiction is a disease, not a ‘moral failing’ [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P7b0XrkCWIM
  4. Gunn, A. (2023, January 15). Aaron Gunn: “Vancouver is Dying” [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/AaronGunn/status/1614782404698451968
  5. CBS Mornings. (2017, July 17). Ohio lawmakers call for first responders not to answer opioid overdose calls [Video]. YouTube. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/opioid-crisis-ohio-lawmakers-first-responders-overdose-calls/
  6. KING 5 Seattle. (2023, May 16). Drug possession bill passed by Washington State Legislature [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fF66gkg8cRw
  7. This American Life. (2011, March 25). Episode 430: Very Tough Love [Audio podcast episode]. https://www.thisamericanlife.org/430/very-tough-love
  8. NPR Morning Edition. (2018, September 12). Many ‘Recovery Houses’ Won’t Let Residents Use Medicine To Quit Opioids [Audio podcast episode]. https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/09/12/644685850/many-recovery-houses-wont-let-residents-use-medicine-to-quit-opioids
  9. FOX 9 KMSP-TV. (2016, November 14). Crutch or a Cure? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fj7GyCgb7k
  10. Crackdown Podcast. (2022, September 22). Psychoactive Swap [Audio podcast episode]. https://www.crackdownpod.com/blog/psychoactive-swap
  11. WAVY TV 10. (2018, March 19). Diverting Drugs: Targeting Prescription Fraud [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gh3X-x9wimg
  12. 60 Minutes (US). (1995). Rx Drugs [Video]. CBS. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zy_86iVhmkQ

Part 2: Cited works

  1. 12 Steps of Narcotics Anonymous. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://12step.org/references/12-step-versions/na/
  2. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research-Based Guide (Third Edition). (January 2014). National Institute on Drug Abuse. Retrieved from https://archives.nida.nih.gov/publications/principles-drug-addiction-treatment-research-based-guide-third-edition
  3. NIDA Director Dr. Nora Volkow Quoted in Szalavitz, Maia. “Opinion | Why Forced Addiction Treatment Fails.” The New York Times, April 30, 2022. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/30/opinion/forced-addiction-treatment.html
  4. Shah, P., Thornton, I., Turrin, D., & Hipskind, J. E. (2023). Informed Consent. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
  5. “4. Remembering That Alcoholism Is an Incurable, Progressive, Fatal Disease.” In Living Sober, 2019 ed., 7. New York: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc., 1975. Retrieved from https://www.aa.org/sites/default/files/2021-10/b-7_livingsober_1-17.pdf
  6. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (July 2020). Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction Treatment and Recovery. Retrieved from https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugs-brains-behavior-science-addiction/treatment-recovery
  7. Leshner, Alan I. (1997). “Addiction Is a Brain Disease, and It Matters.” Science, 278(5335), 45–47. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/2894496
  8. Davies, Paul S. (2000). “The Effect of Welfare Reform on SSA’s Disability Programs: Design of Policy Evaluation and Early Evidence.” Social Security Bulletin, 63(1), 9. Retrieved from https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v63n1/v63n1p3.pdf
  9. MARTIN SHEEN LOBBIES FOR TOUGH DRUG SENTENCES. Chicago Tribune, July 25, 2000. Retrieved from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2000-07-26-0007270058-story.html
  10. Wakeman, Sarah E., Marc R. Larochelle, Omid Ameli, Christine E. Chaisson, Jeffrey Thomas McPheeters, William H. Crown, Francisca Azocar, and Darshak M. Sanghavi. (February 5, 2020). “Comparative Effectiveness of Different Treatment Pathways for Opioid Use Disorder.” JAMA Network Open, 3(2), e1920622. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.20622
  11. McCabe, Sean Esteban, Brady T. West, Stephen Strobbe, and Carol J. Boyd. (October 2018). “Persistence/Recurrence and Remission from DSM-5 Substance Use Disorders in the United States: Substance-Specific and Substance-Aggregated Correlates.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 93, 38–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.07.012
  12. McNeely J, Adam A. (2020, October). Substance Use Screening and Risk Assessment in Adults. Table 3, DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Diagnosing and Classifying Substance Use Disorders. Baltimore (MD): Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK565474/table/nycgsubuse.tab9/
  13. Table 5.2B – Substance Use Disorder in Past Year: Among People Aged 12 or Older; by Detailed Age Category, Percentages, 2019 and 2020. SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2019 and Quarters 1 and 4, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt35323/NSDUHDetailedTabs2020v25/NSDUHDetailedTabs2020v25/NSDUHDetTabsSect5pe2020.htm#tab5-2b

Part 3: Audiovisual sources

  1. California deputy suffers fentanyl overdose after exposure to substance on patrol. FOX 11 Los Angeles. (2021, August 6). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jd76HxqCPf0
  2. Couple says fentanyl-laced dollar bill caused overdose. WSMV 4 Nashville. (2022, July 13). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TlG6rEWP7kA
  3. Tucker: We’re watching civilization collapse in real time. Fox News. (2022, January 18). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DREmnsungVM
  4. The Five. Fox News. (2023, June 13). [Twitter post]. https://twitter.com/highbrow_nobrow/status/1669850022131691520
  5. Colorado’s Legislature Passes Fentanyl Bill Before End Of Session. CBS Colorado. (2022, May 12). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=anEQVlVZ_nQ
  6. JUST IN: DeSantis Signs Legislation To Combat Fentanyl Coming In From Southern Border. Forbes Breaking News. (2022, May 19). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrTUVgvimG0
  7. Episode 34: The Iron Law. Crackdown Podcast. (2022, July 19). [Audio podcast episode]. https://www.crackdownpod.com/episodes/34-the-iron-law
  8. Amy’s Story – Drug-Induced Homicide. Drug Policy Alliance. (2017, November 6). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vcK6kfr7aAc
  9. She went to jail for her friend’s fatal overdose. Now she’s advocating for Oregon drug reform. CNN. (2020, November 14). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYU7oDcJvjc
  10. Dr. John Marks speaking at Campaign to Legalise Cannabis International Association I Norwich, 1996. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dTBfV9TspM

Part 3: Cited works

  1. Feldman, R., & Weston, B. W. (2022). Accidental Occupational Exposure to a Large Volume of Liquid Fentanyl on a Compromised Skin Barrier with No Resultant Effect. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 37(4), 550–552. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X22000905
  2. Drugsdata.org. Search result for “M30,” the frequent counterfeit oxycodone branding of fentanyl pills. https://www.drugsdata.org/results.php?search_field=all&s=m30
  3. Alhadeff, E. (2022, November 4). Making Seattle a Little Safer than It Was the Day Before. The Cholent. https://thecholent.substack.com/p/making-seattle-a-little-safer-than
  4. Northeastern University Center for Health Policy and Law. (Accessed 2022, October 29). Drug Induced Homicide as a Response to Overdose. Health in Justice Lab. https://www.healthinjustice.org/drug-induced-homicide
  5. Temple University Center for Public Health Law Research. (2023, January 1). Good Samaritan Overdose Prevention Laws. https://pdaps.org/datasets/good-samaritan-overdose-laws-1501695153
  6. Drug Policy Alliance. (2017, November). An Overdose Death Is Not Murder: Why Drug-Induced Homicide Laws Are Counterproductive And Inhumane. https://www.hivlawandpolicy.org/sites/default/files/An%20Overdose%20Death%20is%20not%20Murder%2C%20DPA.pdf

Part 4: Audiovisual sources

  1. Purchase, D. (1988). Drugs & AIDS: An appeal to users [Video]. Tacoma Needle Exchange. Produced by Three Head Films. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4iLi3WrPbg
  2. Seattle’s Street Outreach Services | 1991 [Video]. (1991). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmAGVrGrPD4&t=98s
  3. Sameni, P. (Artist). (n.d.). Series: Don’t let this AIDS message be in vein. Rhode Island AIDS Project. Locale: Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
  4. Archival material from the Rotterdam Junkie Union. (1981). Dope No.3: “Strijd mee in the Junkie Bond”. Retrieved from https://narcotic.city/news/public-lecture_heroin-users-activism-in-rotterdam/
  5. Brandt, D. (Photographer). (1989). Photo of Dave Purchase at Tacoma Needle Exchange. Retrieved from https://www.findingfixes.com/s2-e8-needle-exchanges/
  6. Clear, A. (Photographer). (1991). Photo of Rod Sorge. Retrieved from https://www.nplusonemag.com/online-only/online-only/bold-fury/
  7. 60 Minutes (US). (1995). Rx Drugs [Video]. CBS. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zy_86iVhmkQ
  8. National Harm Reduction Coalition. (2020, August 21). Get Involved [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oCezb78_tI4
  9. VICE News. (2017, January 10). Mike Pence’s Indiana: Needle Exchanges [Video]. HBO. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UdZ4-lBLKFs&t=2s
  10. Fox News. (2023, January 12). Shellenberger: The DOJ is considering legalizing drug consumption sites [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bi5RIqdQA1c
  11. WHAS11. (2021, June 2). Scott County commissioners vote to end needle exchange [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4vovOefXHk0&t=44s
  12. Dr. Phil. (2022, October 12). The Debate About Harm Reduction Programs For Addicts [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1-1m6M70so
  13. Mayday Media, Kennedy, R., & Vadim, V. (Directors). (1995). Fire in Our House [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3NaHShXOSg
  14. The Open Mind. (2021, November 14). Reducing Harm to People and Communities – Maia Szalavitz [Video]. CUNY TV. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wb1hZ6H2DEU
  15. Marks, J. (Speaker). (1996). Dr. John Marks speaking at Campaign to Legalize Cannabis International Association | Norwich [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dTBfV9TspM
  16. Fox & Friends. (2022, February 8). Leo Terrell hammers ‘horrible’ Biden plan to give out ‘smoking kits’ [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sTfl1vUVlNk
  17. Tucker Carlson. (2022, February 10). Tucker Carlson slams new policy giving crack pipes to addicts [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10496803/Tucker-Carlson-slams-new-policy-giving-crack-pipes-addicts.html
  18. Hannity, S. (2022, February 9). Biden’s plan to fund crack pipe distribution is ‘stupidity’ [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JokIuOMtaic
  19. LiveNOW from FOX. (2022, February 9). Biden crack pipes: New update from White House clarifies free smoking kits [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFzc6jSzey4
  20. Fox News. (2022, January 18). Tucker: We’re watching civilization collapse in real time [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DREmnsungVM
  21. Seattle’s Street Outreach Services. (2002). Say Goodbye to 2nd and Pike | SOS Diary [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QPQ6GNGXzi0

Part 4: Cited works

  1. Toleration policy regarding soft drugs and coffee shops. (2023, October 4). Retrieved from https://www.government.nl/topics/drugs/toleration-policy-regarding-soft-drugs-and-coffee-shops
  2. SAMHSA. (2021, December 8). SAMHSA Announces Unprecedented $30 Million Harm Reduction Grant Funding Opportunity to Help Address the Nation’s Substance Use and Overdose Epidemic [Press release]. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/newsroom/press-announcements/202112081000
  3. Stöver, H. J., & Schäffer, D. (2014). SMOKE IT! Promoting a change of opiate consumption pattern – from injecting to inhaling. Harm Reduction Journal, 11(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7517-11-18
  4. Kral, A. H., Lambdin, B. H., Browne, E. N., Wenger, L. D., Bluthenthal, R. N., Zibbell, J. E., & Davidson, P. J. (2021). Transition from injecting opioids to smoking fentanyl in San Francisco, California. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 227, 109003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109003
  5. CDC National Center for Health Statistics. (2022, March 1). Drug Overdose Mortality by State. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/sosmap/drug_poisoning_mortality/drug_poisoning.htm
  6. Statista. (2021, March). Homelessness Rate in the U.S., by State 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/727847/homelessness-rate-in-the-us-by-state/
  7. Peace, L. (2021, July 15). Judge Rules Law Restricting West Virginia Needle Exchange Programs Can Stand. Mountain State Spotlight. https://mountainstatespotlight.org/2021/07/15/law-restricting-wv-needle-exchange-programs-can-stand/
  8. Peace, L. (2021, February 11). The CDC Says Kanawha County’s HIV Outbreak Is the Most Concerning in the United States. Mountain State Spotlight. https://mountainstatespotlight.org/2021/02/11/the-cdc-says-kanawha-countys-hiv-outbreak-is-the-most-concerning-in-the-united-states/
  9. Choe, J. [choeshow]. (2022, December 4). Twitter. https://twitter.com/choeshow/status/1599603004503920641

Part 5: Audiovisual sources 

  1. CBS Colorado. (2022, May 12). Colorado’s Legislature Passes Fentanyl Bill Before End Of Session. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=anEQVlVZ_nQ
  2. Crackdown Podcast. (2022, July 19). Episode 34: The Iron Law. [Audio podcast episode]. https://www.crackdownpod.com/episodes/34-the-iron-law
  3. VICE News. (2022, May 16). Benzo Dope and Tranq: The Next Wave of the Overdose Crisis. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=82QhIOgJy1c
  4. VICE News. (2021, September 25). Free Heroin, Cocaine & Meth Are Being Distributed to Stop Overdoses. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-THhAW4MWk
  5. CBS. (1995). 60 Minutes (US): Rx Drugs [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zy_86iVhmkQ
  6. Dr. John Marks speaking at Campaign to Legalise Cannabis International Association. (1996). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dTBfV9TspM
  7. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (1931, October 31). Labor Unions Hold Anti-Prohibition Meeting [Image]. Retrieved from https://www.loc.gov/item/99405158/
  8. Crackdown Podcast. (2022, September 22). Psychoactive Swap [Audio podcast episode]. https://www.crackdownpod.com/blog/psychoactive-swap
  9. Infrogmation of New Orleans. (2010). Commercially Marketed Heroin Containers from the Early 20th Century [Photograph]. Retrieved from Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HeroinHarrisonActNOLA.JPG
  10. Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel. (2019, December 3). Heroin-assisted treatment: Time to break down prejudices (Switzerland) [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tkqBVu4eli8
  11. Vancouver City Council. (2019, September 12). Safe Supply Statement. https://vancouver.ca/people-programs/safe-supply-statement.aspx
  12. Province of British Columbia – Sheila Malcolmson, Minister of Mental Health and Addictions. (2021, July 15). BC’s new policy on prescribed safer supply [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OHHroEhLVo

Part 5: Cited works

  1. Swiss Health Observatory – Obsan. (2021). Data: Switzerland: Drug-related deaths. Retrieved from https://ind.obsan.admin.ch/en/indicator/monam/drug-related-deaths
  2. CDC. (n.d.). US 1995-1998 drug-related death data: Compressed Mortality File 1979-1998. Retrieved from http://wonder.cdc.gov/cmf-icd9.html
  3. CDC. (n.d.). US 1999-2021 drug-related death data: Multiple Cause of Death, 1999-2020 and 2018-2021 Results. Retrieved from https://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd.html
  4. Priest, M. J. N. T., & Kelsey C. (2020, April 7). Yes, Liquor Stores Are Essential Businesses. Scientific American Blog Network. https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/yes-liquor-stores-are-essential-businesses/
  5. Blanchard, S. K. (2022, February 15). What We Can Learn From Harm Reduction’s Defeats. The Nation. https://www.thenation.com/article/culture/maia-szalavitz-undoing-drugs/
  6. Szalavitz, M. (2021). Undoing Drugs: How Harm Reduction Is Changing the Future of Drugs and Addiction. Hachette.
  7. Webb v. United States, 249 U.S. 96 (1919).
  8. Departmental Committee on Morphine and Heroin Addiction (Rolleston). (1926, April 4). Rolleston Report. Retrieved from http://www.drugslibrary.stir.ac.uk/files/2017/05/rolleston.pdf
  9. Verthein, U., Bonorden-Kleij, K., Degkwitz, P., Dilg, C., Kцhler, W. K., Passie, T., … Haasen, C. (2008, June). Long-Term Effects of Heroin-Assisted Treatment in Germany. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 103(6), 960–966; discussion 967-968. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02185.x
  10. Oviedo-Joekes, E., Nosyk, B., Brissette, S., Chettiar, J., Schneeberger, P., Marsh, D. C., … Schechter, M. T. (2008, November). The North American Opiate Medication Initiative (NAOMI): Profile of Participants in North America’s First Trial of Heroin-Assisted Treatment. Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 85(6), 812–825. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-008-9312-9
  11. Shah, P., Thornton, I., Turrin, D., & Hipskind, J. E. (2023). Informed Consent. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.

Music Credit

Harris Heller. “Path Less Traveled,” “Radiant Vibes,” “Star Searcher,” “Gone,” “Floating Soul,” “IN My Shadow,” “Is Anbody Out There,” “Celestial Reverb, ““The Lights in the Sky are our Guides,” “Sunkissed Glow,” “Endless Drift,” “Dark Matter,” “Vertigo,” & “Meteor Binge.” SENPAI MUSIC GROUP, LLC. https://www.senpai.tv/streambeats/

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *